|
In linguistics, a dependent clause (or a subordinate clause) is a clause that provides an independent clause with additional information, but which cannot stand alone as a sentence. Dependent clauses either modify the independent clause of a sentence or serve as a component of it. Some grammarians use the term ''subordinate clause'' as a synonym for ''dependent clause.'' Others use ''subordinate clause'' to refer only to adverbial dependent clauses. The different types of dependent clauses include noun clauses, relative (adjectival) clauses, and adverbial clauses. ==Dependent words== In Indo-European languages, a dependent clause usually begins with a dependent word. One kind of dependent word is a subordinating conjunction. Subordinating conjunctions are used to begin dependent clauses known as adverbial clauses, which serve as adverbs. In the following examples, the adverbial clauses are bold and the subordinating conjunctions are italicized: *''Wherever'' she goes, she leaves an item of luggage behind. :(The adverbial clause ''wherever she goes'' modifies the verb ''leaves''.) *Bob enjoyed the movie more ''than'' I did. :(The adverbial clause ''than I did'' modifies the adverb ''more''.) A subordinating conjunction can also introduce a noun clause: *I know ''that'' he likes me. :(The noun clause ''that'' he likes me serves as the object of the main-clause verb ''know''.) Another type of dependent word is the relative pronoun. Relative pronouns begin dependent clauses known as relative clauses; these are adjective clauses, because they modify nouns. In the following example, the relative clause is bold and the relative pronoun is italicized: *The only one of the seven dwarfs ''who'' does not have a beard is Dopey. :(The adjective clause ''who'' does not have a beard describes the pronoun ''one''.) A relative adverb plays the role of an adverb in a relative clause, as in *That is the reason ''why'' I came. :(The relative clause ''why'' I came describes the noun ''reason'', and within the relative clause the adverb ''why'' modifies the verb ''came''.) *That is the place ''where'' he lives. :(The relative clause ''where'' he lives describes the noun ''place'', and within the relative clause the adverb ''where'' modifies the verb ''lives''.) An interrogative word can serve as an adverb in a noun clause, as in *No one understands ''why'' you need experience. :(The noun clause ''why'' you need experience functions as the direct object of the main-clause verb "understands", and within the noun clause ''why'' serves as an adverb modifying ''need''.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「dependent clause」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|